Ways to control Latency in Multi-Region Database

Hardik Shah
5 min readAug 31, 2022

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Multi-region databases are powerful tools that can help increase performance and availability, but they also have their downsides. The most common problems with multi-region databases are latency and availability. In this post, we’ll look at how you can control latency in your multi-region database to avoid these issues.

Try to keep your database instances as far apart as possible.

If you have multiple databases, it’s important to keep them as far apart as possible. You don’t want one of your databases to become unavailable because of a network issue or other issue with another database.

If you have multiple databases in different regions and availability zones, the latency between them will be much lower than if they were located in the same region and availability zone. Similarly, if you have some databases on AWS while others are hosted locally on your own servers (such as VMware), this will also help reduce latency between these two locations.

Dont run an empty workload across multiple regions unless you need it for high availability.

When you have multiple regions, you may find that your database is a bottleneck. This can be especially true in the case of high availability and disaster recovery scenarios, where there is a single point of failure and downtime can result in lost revenue.

The cost of running inefficient workloads across multiple regions also adds up quickly over time. If you have an existing database that is already being used for other purposes (such as reporting), then consider moving it away from any applications that require high availability — this will help keep costs down by reducing the number of servers required for each application instance.

Ensure that the network between regions is robust.

You can also use a dedicated network between regions to ensure the integrity of your data. A dedicated network is one that has been created solely for your purposes, and it will have all the necessary equipment in place to provide high quality connectivity between regions. This includes routers, switches and firewalls that are specifically designed for this purpose.

If you are using an existing network infrastructure, it’s important to make sure that you have both high quality connections between each region as well as between them and the internet itself so that users can access data easily when they need it most (when travelling).

Use a combination of mechanisms to control latency, including the application and OS.

In addition to the techniques above, you can also use a combination of mechanisms to control latency. For example, if your database is located on another region than where your application runs, you may want to use a local cache for queries that are close in time and space. This can help reduce latency by reducing network round trips and minimizing data copies.

You should also consider using compaction and compression when possible because these technologies can save significant amounts of storage space by consolidating small chunks of data into larger ones (compaction) or compressing large blocks at once (compression).

Ensure that your database instance can scale up and down or switch off when necessary.

  • Ensure that your database instance can scale up and down or switch off when necessary.
  • Use the right instance type for your workload. For example, if you have an OLTP workload with low latency requirements, a Standard_A2 instance would be ideal because it has enough CPU and memory to handle the load while still providing fast performance across all regions in our multi-region architecture. However, if you need to support high transaction volume or high data movement rates over WAN links between different regions of our service cluster (which is unlikely but possible), then using either a High_I1 or High_I2 instance would be recommended instead since they have more CPUs and RAM than Standard_A2s (among other things). This will help ensure that there are no bottlenecks during peak usage periods when users are trying to perform large transactions over WAN links between different regions of our service cluster (which could occur at any time).
  • Use appropriate storage for each region’s data sets so that performance does not suffer due to slow I/O speeds being imposed on them by local disks being used instead of SSDs where possible.

Consider using caching or edge locations to remove actual database calls.

Consider using caching or edge locations to remove actual database calls.

To understand how this works, let’s break down the steps involved in making an API call:

  • Call the API endpoint on your application server. This will return a response with information about what happened when you called it and any errors that occurred during processing.
  • The response goes through another application server (or several) which then processes it into something useful for your site or app (e.g., HTML).

Multi-region databases are powerful but can have increased latency which needs to be controlled

Multi-region databases are powerful but can have increased latency which needs to be controlled.

Latency is the time it takes for a message to travel from one point to another. In multi-region databases, this is important because you want your data as close to your users as possible. When using a single region database (like Amazon RDS), you don’t have any control over latency since all of your queries run on a single server in that region and then the results are sent back out over an internet connection via TCP/IP protocol. But when using multiple regions like Azure SQL Database or Cloud SQL Azure Database Services (when connected by VPN), there’s no way to know how long it will take for things like inserts, updates or deletes etc…

Conclusion

Enter the cloud. This may not be the best option for all organizations, but it does have advantages. Most important is that it removes most of the latency from your business, allowing you to work even more efficiently. With fewer problems caused by latency and data replication delays, you can focus on what really matters: delivering great products and services to customers with high quality service levels

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Hardik Shah
Hardik Shah

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